Courts Essays -- essays research papers

The legal power of the federal official official motor inns is defined in hold III, Section 2, of the Constitution, as extending in law and equity to all cases arising down the stairs the Constitution and federal legislation to controversies to which the U.S. shall be a party, including those arising from treaties with other governments to admiralty and marine cases to controversies between supposes to controversies between a produce, or its citizens, and foreign governments or their subjects and to controversies between the citizens of one state and citizens of another state. The federal courts were also originally invested with jurisdiction over controversies between citizens of one state and the government of another state the 11th Amendment (ratified February 7, 1795), however, removed from federal jurisdiction those cases in which the citizens of one state were complainants and the government of another state was the defendant. The amendment did not disturb the jurisdic tion of the federal courts in cases in which a state government is a plaintiff and a citizen of another state, the defendant. Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction in patent and copyright cases and by congressional enactment in 1898, federal courts were vested with original jurisdiction in bankruptcy cases.The courts established to a lower place the powers grant by Article III, Sections 1 and 2, of the Constitution are known as constitutional courts. Judges of constitutional courts are appointed for life by the president with the approval of the Senate. These courts are the territory courts, tribunals of general original jurisdiction the courts of appeals (before 1948, circuit courts of appeals), exercising appellant jurisdiction over the district courts and the absolute tap. A district court functions in each of the more than 90 federal judicial districts and in the District of capital of South Carolina. A court of appeals functions in each of the 11 federal judicial circ uits and in the District of Columbia there is also a more specialized court with nationwide jurisdiction known as the court of appeals for the federal circuit. The federal district court and the court of appeals of the District of Columbia perform functions discharged in the states by state courts. All lower federal courts operate infra uniform rules of procedure promulgated by the Supreme tap.The Supreme Court is the highest ap... ...tes, the same courts of original jurisdiction deal with both civil and criminal cases these courts usually have two levels, one handling misdemeanors and civil claims under $5000, the other handling felonies and civil claims over $5000.Between the lower courts and the despotic appellate courts, in a number of states, are intermediate appellate courts which, like the federal courts of appeals, provide speedier justice for litigants by disposing of a outstanding number of cases that otherwise would be added to the overcrowded calendars of the high er courts.Courts of last resort, the highest appellate tribunals of the states in criminal and civil cases and in law and equity, are generally called autonomous courts. In New York state, however, the Supreme Court is a trial court the highest appellate court of New York, as well as of Maryland, is called the Court of Appeals.The state court systems also include a number of boor courts with limited jurisdiction. These courts dispose of minor offenses and relatively small civil actions. include in this classification are police and municipal courts in cities and larger towns and the courts presided over by justices of the peace in rural areas.