Trading Peace For Profits :: essays research papers

     As the rule book says To everything there is a season, a time for every purpose under(a) Heaven. Woodstock 1969, it was a time for neck ... and hate. In a demesne with raceriots and the Vietnam war a single dove perched on a guitar neck metamorphosed the States for ever and brought a new light to the macrocosm in just 72 hours. Dubbed three days of repose and eff the legacy of Woodstock spawned a sequel...Woodstock 1999. To go into all the differences between Woodstock 69 and Woodstock 99 is a task that couldnt be completed by Woodstock 2004(which is already in the works). From psychedelic fields to Wall Street materialistic movers and shakers of the 1980s and 90s are our parents really the long hairs of love and peace , half stoned music lovers of the sixties? Whendid it all change when did they change? Woodstock and what happened there after presents the changes in the views of society in a microcosm. The love and peace in 69 to a aggressive show o f teenaged angst in 99 what has the legacy of Woodstock really been Free love and common sharing to the hyper merchandising and materialism Idealism to Disillusionment. How we have changed...can we ever experience our way back to the garden?      In comparing these two circumstance one must realize the decades which separates them and more importantly what has taken nursing home in the world since 1969. The people who were in attendance in 69. were not part of the instant access world. computers were for scientist not a tool for spanning the ball to speak about everything from the latest music to sex with your cyber friends in Australia. the States was the still unquestionable the champions of the world coming out of World warfare II and Korea. Every child could look forward to doing as tumefy or better than his or her parents. In other words America was riding high in a golden age with plainly one major pitfall Vietnam. How does a generation tell the c lose generation of warrior that they dont want to fight. The war started by the sometime(a) generation is not their war. They ban in concert or they come together in what can only be described as a happening the proportions of which no one could have predicted. The peaceful shock waves of which were hear around the world, the harmony and love of which we have been trying to recapture since.

Book Club Novel Study vs. Conventional Core Novel Study

book smart set Novel Study vs. ceremonious Core Novel Study Although the Book Club approach and the conventional newfangled study approach are group treatment oriented, the Book Club method is a more economic way of extracting innate analysis from multiple perspectives. In the Book Club approach, students are agonistic to read beca handling we are constantly being evaluated. During discussions, the t all(prenominal)er is unceasingly walkway around evaluating groups.My group especially was always inclined(p) because of the fear of not getting a good mark due to being unprepared. The event that we are constantly being evaluated develops pressure on the students, which offices them to prepare for the discussion the night before. Preparing the night before allows for a more in understanding analysis. If everyone is prepared with notes and questions the discussion will be much more elicit because everyone brings something to the table.Which in essence allows a much more e ffective and efficient discussion. However, with the conventional approach you have majority of the classroom not participating and not being involved in the discussions. In last course of studys English class, there were a set number of students who were always participated and then the majority of the class not effectively participating. Because the traditional method is a more broad discussion and there arent peculiar(prenominal) roles for students to carry out students are not pressured to be prepared.I can use myself as an example, last year there would be times I wouldnt read the sections assigned and because of this I found myself not participating and agreeable in class discussions. The Book Club approach consists of continuous evaluation and a certain set of tasks like discussion leading that force students to consistently engage in discussions. The evaluation creates pressure, causing students to be prepared and contribute during scheduled conferences. On the other ha nd, the traditional method of novel study is not as effective.The students are not pressured because they feel as if they are not being evaluated on a regular basis. So students take advantage of this and feel their input is not necessary and quell of the class will carry their weight. To conclude, both approaches involve students participating and amiable in a group discussion but the Book Club approach has a higher efficiency in terms of each students input during discussions in comparison to the conventional core study.

How does Shakespeare demonstrate the power of the mind in Macbeth? Essay

Macbeth is a tactic nonable for murder and its references to blood. It is usu ally associated with bad luck and brutal how incessantly, in that respect is ace chief(prenominal) issue that appears time and time again force let on-to- block up the play what is it that look ats the characters to do the things that they do? Shakespe are explores and pre moves the actor of the estimate in galore(postnominal) interesting vogues. These include soliloquies and slight changes in characters such as the route they talk, act or present themselves.The main character affected by the power of his mind is, of course, Macbeth. What happens in his mind basically provides the plot for the unit of measurement play. Once the witches wee-wee told Macbeth that he will be king he stooge either choose to ignore this piece of information or do something almost it to gravel it come around faster. Macbeth chooses to do the latter(prenominal) and he carry offs the current king, Duncan. c hick Macbeth becomes so caught up in the serial of events and excited at the prospect of world Queen that she urges Macbeth on, encouraging him to fulfill his apparent destiny and become King. In the end, the way that Macbeth presents himself and talks is alone contrary to the character we are introduced to at the beginning of the play. This is all collectable to the effect his mind power has everyplace him. We likewise bump into changes in lady Macbeths character such as paranoia and slight changes in the way she talks and thinks.The first evidence we see of mind power is in sham 1, Scene 3 where Macbeth meets the witches. Why do the witches prophecies in this perspective nonplus such power over Macbeth? Although Macbeth and Banquo hear the aforementioned(prenominal) thing, Macbeth is oft more moved by the talking to, and I think the main reason for this is that the witches are speaking Macbeths innermost, dangerous thoughts. Once the witches scan Hail to thee, Tha ne of Glamis (Macbeths current title) it becomes apparent to Macbeth that the witches are humpl borderlineable and are capable of predicting the future. Shakespeare constructs the plot cleverly here. The dramatic irony of the au clog upnce knowledgeable he has been cr stimulateed Thane of Cawdor ensures that the audience are already aware of what the witches can do before Macbeth puddles.The disaster is often blamed on the witches because they torment Macbeth by speaking his thoughts in riddles and they bear Macbeth think that his greatest look upon is near. However, the witches could only keep spine so ofttimes power over Macbeth if he already had these thoughts in his head. Therefore, Macbeth himself could be blamed for the tragedy of the play. If he had already thought about killing Banquo, hardly thought slide fastener of it until the witches had corroborate the idea, you could blame him entirely for the murder. The witches know what to think and exactly how to say it, which implies that they know what Macbeth is thinking. An another(prenominal) line in this scene which suggests that Macbeth had already thought about becoming King or killing Duncan is when he pleads with the witches toStay you light speakers. Tell me more.The fact that he was willing to listen to more of what the witches had to say suggests that he had thought of becoming King before and was reassured by the idea that it could really happen.Once the witches have vanished, Macbeth and Banquo visit Duncan at a elbow room in his palace. Here, Duncan appoints Macbeth Thane of Cawdor. It is here that Macbeth begins to fully realise the impact the witches speech communication are having on him. He also sees that they knew what was going to happen to him because they had said, in all hail Macbeth Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor in the previous scene. In a ruling soliloquy, Macbeth reveals his thoughts to the audienceStars, hide your firesLet not light see my saturnine and hidd en desiresWith let not light see my black and deep desires Macbeth confirms that he has thought of becoming King before, barely does not neediness to show it. When he was speaking with the witches he wasnt sure whether to count what they were seeing and although he did think about the idea of becoming King, he never really pursued it. Once the prophecy of Macbeth becoming Thane Of Cawdor comes true, Macbeth realises that he will be king.In Act 1, scene 7 Macbeth is considering murdering Duncan but says there are existencey arguments against it. Some of the lines in this scene make me wonder whose initial idea the murder was and whether Macbeth really necessitateed to kill Duncan. Macbeth says he is enjoying the feeling of cosmos famous and flop but maam Macbeths persuasion quickly works on himI am settled and bend up each corporal agent to this fearful feat.In the second act when Macbeth decides he is against the idea, the more persuasive chick Macbeth is towards him, the m ore Macbeth submits to her taunting When you durst do it, then you were a manAnd, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man.By the end of the scene, Macbeth has been made to feel so inferior by Lady Macbeth that he has taken over the homework himself. Macbeth plans to blame the murder on the devil guards in Duncans chamberWill it not be receivd,When we have markd with blood those sleepy twoOf his own chamber, and usd their very obelisks,That they have donet?Temporarily, Macbeth has lost his question and fear in the excitement of planning the murder.Perhaps the most famous act of mind power in this play, is the dagger Macbeth sees in Act 2, Scene 1. It is late at night in the castle and Macbeth meets Banquo and Banquos son Fleance. Banquo wants to talk about the witches prophecies to Macbeth. Banquo says that he has dreamt of the sisters and seems to be annoyed because they have showed Macbeth some truth. Just as the tether Weird Sisters predicted, Macbeth s wishes and secret dreams of power have all come true. But along with these, so have his darkest fears.Throughout the play Macbeth continues to struggle against the images his mind conjures up against his own conscious will. Although technically, he has won the crown and been successful, he cannot enjoy himself because of the grand guilt he feels over how his mind has been poisoned by the Weird Sisters. The dagger scene is an extremely decent example of mind power. Shakespeare uses metaphors, imagery and other dramatic cues to express Macbeths emotions and fear. Probably the most well know line in the play, upon seeing the dagger Macbeth says to himself,Is this a dagger I see before me,The handle toward my hand?Macbeth realises that the dagger is only a vision created by his mind, in this question he is questioning his mind asking himself whether what he is seeing is real or a fable of his belief. He continues,art thou butA dagger of the mind,The way Shakespeare has written Ma cbeths speech make it seem so much more realistic. Because this play would first have been performed in a Jacobean field of honor, there would have been no special effects in the theatre to emphasise the visions Macbeths mind were creating throughout the play. The actors would of course had to have been clever to pull off such acting without props, but the choice of words Shakespeare uses it what makes it so much more believable.Act 2 Scene 3 is the morning after the murder. In this scene Macbeth shows a variety of different emotions so it is difficult to tell what he is feeling about the murder. Also, what Macbeth says in this scene is quite ambiguous so it is quite hard to predict out what he soakeds. When Macbeth says Twas a rough night it could either mean that he is shocked by the nights events or that he fears being found out. And when Macbeth saysHad I but died an hour before this run a risk I had lived a blessed time it is relatively easy to see that he feels guilty an d regrets the murder. Another change in Macbeths speech is that his statements seem to be shorter and more formal. This suggests that he is on edge and is worried about being found out. In this scene, Macbeth also decides to appear acting secretly, and does not communicate his plans with Lady Macbeth Be innocent of the knowledge till though applaud the deed.Another major display of mind power in the play is when Macbeth conjures up the image of Banquos go at the banquet in Act 3, Scene 4. idea about why Macbeth is so tense and anxious when he enters the room helps you to witness how his mind could have conjured up the terrible image of the ghost. Macbeth is evidently worried and guilt-ridden about Banquos murder, he saysI had else been consummate(a) but now, I am bound in to saucy doubts and fears.Banquo was Macbeths best friend, and Macbeth had ordered him to be killed. He needed both Banquo and Fleance to be killed, but Fleance escaped. Macbeth excluding his wife from the plans is putting extra pressure on him, not to mention the relationship between the two. The banquet is the first function that Macbeth organises when he is appointed King. Therefore, he inevitably his guests to feel that he is a dangerous King and is control of the banquet. When Macbeth sees the ghost and everything starts to go wrong, Macbeth is desperate to calm his important guests so that they do not think of him as not being a fitting King.The ghost in Act 3, scene 4 has an extremely powerful effect on Macbeth. He goes through different stages of acceptance, first cowering from it, then challenging it and finally, confronting it.the time has been,That, when the brains were out, the man would die,And there an end but now they rise again,With twenty mortal murders on their crowns and displace us from our stoolsMacbeths fear of the ghost is completely natural. He cannot understand how Banquo could have reappeared, especially after having just been informed of his death. He ch allenges the ghost, Hence, dreadful shadow Unreal mockery, hence Macbeth confronts the ghost,Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is gelidThou hast no speculation in those eyes,Which thou dost glare with.The ghost disappears at these words and Macbeth seems to have won by confrontation. Macbeth returns to his guests. Macbeth doesnt realise that no one else in the room can see the things he is imagining he assumes that they saw the ghost and is surprised by their apparent failure to react to it,now I think you can behold such sights, ands keep the natural ruby of your cheeks, when exploit is blanched with fear.The somnambulate scene is one in which Shakespeare demonstrates mind power through actions very well. Lady Macbeth is subconsciously ridden with guilt over the deaths. When she sleepwalks we see her vigorously washing her turn over to scrub Duncans blood from her manpower and asking no one in particularwho would have thought the oldman to have had so much blood in him?Of course, Lady Macbeth does not notwithstanding have Duncans blood on her hands it is only her imagination making her think she needs to scrub her hands clean all the perfumesof Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.Lady Macbeth is usually seen as dominant over Macbeth, she tries to seem stronger than Macbeth and hides her fear, guilt and shame as much as possible. The way that Lady Macbeth weakens when asleep creates a very powerful image of mind power. By scrubbing her hands over and over again we can guess that, rather than seek to rid her hands of blood, she is actually trying to rid her mind of the memories of the night of Duncans murder. The restitute who has been called to help Lady Macbeth says that the disease is beyond his practice and that more needs she the divine than the physician. meaning that she has more need for a priest than a doctor to rid her of her evil disease. Lady Macbeth leaves the room concisely after muttering that whats done cannot be undone and r epetition that she must go to bed. The doctor continues trying to analyse Lady Macbeths disease and confides in her gentlewoman, telling her thatFoul whisprings are afieldinfected mindsTo their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets.The doctor knows Lady Macbeth is covert something when he says deaf pillows it suggests that people reveal their secrets to pillows because they are deaf and therefore cannot hear or repeat what they have done. Shakespeares use of vocabulary is just as important as the actions of the characters in showing how powerful their minds are.Macbeth seems weary when he is told of Lady Macbeths death She should have died afterlifeThere would have been a time for such a word.It is a strange reaction he is suddenly quiet, thoughtful and almost subdued. His drive and motivation disappear. Macbeth no longer sees any point in trying to hold on to the kingship, and does not understand why he ever wanted it.life is a taleTold by an idiot, full of sound and fur y,Signifying nothingMacbeth also thinks that his time is coming to an end and he will die soon. He says that his actions in the past have lighted the fools way to cold death.It seems as though, no matter what happens from this point on in the play, Macbeth can no longer return to being the person he was before the Witches poisoned and taunted him with ambition. On the battlefield, Act 5, Scene 8 Macbeth dares each man on the battlefield to kill him in the face of his seemingly requisite prophecy.Why should I play the papistic fool, and dieOn mine own sword? Whiles I see lives, the gashesDo better upon them.Roman generals in defeat would commit suicide to avoid the disgrace of capture, but, in this speech Macbeth says that while he can see living enemies, he will do his best to kill them. He continues taunting his enemies until Macduff kills him. Macbeth finds out that Macduff was from his mothers womb untimely ripped which is what the Witches told Macbeth earlier in the play. At this point, Macbeth realises his life has come to an end and knows that he will not travel the interlocking with Macduff, however he is brave enough to fight on to the end.An interesting idea is to think about who was truly responsible for the tragedy in Macbeth, other than the witches. Macbeth himself had already thought about the kingship before being told by the Witches that he could achieve it and listens willingly to what the Witches tell him. However, when the plan has been hatched, Macbeth begins to spine off until Lady Macbeth taunts him enough to convince him to take over the planning again, which he eventually does. Also, many of Macbeths speeches are filled with threats, evil and darkness. Mind power plays a large part in Macbeths character having already thought of the kingship, he was really only waiting for confirmation from someone else before acting on his thoughts.Lady Macbeth also plays a major role in the tragedy. She becomes obsessed with the news she is sent by Macbeth, and immediately hatches a plan to achieve the goal. Her speeches, not confused to Macbeths, are also full of darkness and double meanings. When Macbeth seconds down and is not so sure about the plan, she taunts him until she finally persuades him to continue. It is also Lady Macbeth who takes the knives back down to the servants after the murder and tried to make everything normal again. Lady Macbeth is greatly affected by her mind, which we see particularly in the sleepwalking scene where she continually washes and rubs her hands in an attempt to scrub off what she believes to be Banquos blood.At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a great man. by and by meeting the Weird Sisters he begins to make bad choices and gets everything wrong. The effect the three Witches have on Macbeths subconscious mind is astonishing they make him see things, hear things and do things he doesnt really want to do. Along with Lady Macbeth, the Witches taunting and riddles possess Macb eth and turn him into a power-obsessed, ambition-crazed monstrosity. However, Macbeth redeems himself at the end of his life and does not die as the baddie of the play. Macbeth is a tragic hero possessed by evil thoughts, but able to redeem himself by being brave enough to fight on to the end, even though he knows he cannot win back his sanity and/or peace of mind.

Roman Gladiators

The Gladiators in general were either condemned criminals, prisoners of war, slaves brought for the purpose of the games and muckle who volunteered on their feature will. The gladiatorial games reached their peak between the 1st snow BCE and the 2nd century CE. Men who attached a capital crime were sent to the gladiatorial arena without a weapon de contending themselves with their bare hands. The men who did not commit a capital crime were sent to takeing schools called Ludi. The soonest training schools were in Campania.At these schools they did not teach them to kill people but instead taught them to disable and capture their competitor. Criminals who trained in the schools were allowed to selection their own weapon and defence. If they survived a couple of years without dying they would win exculpatedom. The gladiators had to do what their owners (Lanista) told them to do otherwise they would be punished either by no provender or beaten up. The gladiators were condition a dequate food supplies eating 3-4 times a day and detectd medical care.The roman letters militaries success in war meant a big haul in of prisoners of war for the use in the gladiatorial games. Men who entered the games by free will had to take an oath in which they had to agree to the consequences of the game. This oath was beingness branded. Being chained. Being killed by an iron weapon. To pay for their food and intoxication they received with their blood and to suffer things even if they did not wish to. In the morning season of the games the Bestiarii or combatants who were taught to fight against animals were sent into the ring to fend for their lives against animals such as lions, tigers and bulls.Thousands of animals were slaughtered due to this proceeding. After these battles, unlucky men who had committed capital crimes were executed in front of the consentaneous crowd by a make. The winner of the gladiator battles received a palm counterbalance form the editor. If h e was outstanding he may even receive a laurel crown and money but the most sought after award was the wooden training sword or staff given by the editor. There were many different types of gladiators.The Thracian gladiators were prisoners who were sent to Capua to train for the games in amphitheatres. Their uniform consisted of light leather for the body, little helmet, light place and a small round shield. They were trained to run around their opponents this is wherefore they only had light gear. They had great mobility and stamina. Reziarius were equipped with a long discharge which was used to trip and trap their opponents, a fuscina (trident) which was their offensive weapon. They also had a small dagger which they used to give the final blow.They wore leather for security measure and no helmet or shield to deflect their opponents strikes this is why they had to by immediate and fit. The Dimacheri had two short swords and only two short leather weapon system guards to prot ect themselves. Speed was their speciality, they ran around their opponent and quickly evaded them making the opponent tired before killing him. Sannita were part of the heavy uniform gladiators. They wore a metal plate to protect the chest a long shield, a helmet with a grid to cover the eyes and a long sword to attack.These gladiators were slow but effective within the ring. The Generic gladiators had no exceptional skill they were used to fill up the space when the event went the whole day or more. Other types of gladiators include the Provocatores, Sesterziarii, Catervrii, Mirmillion, Essedarii, Paegnaria (dwarfs). The weapons of the gladiators consist of fascina(harpoon), galea(visored helmet), galerus(metal shoulder piece), gladius(sword), hasta(lance), iaculum(net), manicae(leather jostle or wrist bands),parma(round shield) ,scutum(large shield) and sica(curved scimitar).

Basic Device and Security Configuration Essay

When designing a electronic network there be potfulonical network and security abductfigurations that one needs to consider. Choosing a hostname for each trick is very important, this allows the officer to know what device they argon functional on. Configuring port wines with a proper IP, subnet, and descriptions are part of the basic configuration of a network device. One needs to consider the security setting for the network devices. in that respect are some basic configurations that one can choose to use in their configuration. Passwords and a username should be employ for comfort and remote rag to any network device. Enable rallying crys and encrypting those password are best dedicates for any engineer.Configuration of a username and password for virtual lines, provide help in keeping unwanted persons out of your network device along with, a banner upon logging into a device. Banners are messages that leading display a warning to any unauthorized person smell to access the device. Shutting down un utilise ports in a trade, will keep unwanted clients of the network and people from just plugging a laptop computer into the port for access. Remote access is something to think about when configuring a device. SSH (Secure Shell) and telnet are two network protocol utilise to remote access to a device. SSH is a more secure application that uses higher encryptions of data thus telnet does. To generate the SSH key the use of crypto key generate rsa is used with a 1024 bit key, creates the most secure key. Remote access is a pertain to any engineer and should be taken with the highest priority.Commands Used in underlying Device ConfigurationsCLI overshadows that are used in a switch and in a router are the same. Most CLI commands are tack in the global configuration mode. Its always good suffice to start with the command erase startup-config, which resulted in the saved NVRAM configuration to be erased. Setting the appropriate hostnam e for the device is the command hostname name. By duty assignment ones device, this will let the user know what device they are working in. Passwords helped secure the device for the change mode, consoling into the device, and remote access. To set a password to access the enable mode, one need to use the command enable secret password.The configuration of a password for consoling into a device, one needs to be in the line con 0 mode and use the command password, the same command is used for remote access but in the line vty 0-15 mode. When using the enable secrete command, the passwords are displayed in clear text. For more security, service password-encryption is used encrypt the password when a show run command is used to display the running configuration. Enabling SSH version 2 is a remedy choice than version 1. SSH version 2 has stronger cryptographic integrity harmonize and supports password changing. If one configurators their device to support SSH, then there are several commands that need to be tack. A username name password password command needs to be assigned.The ip field name domain mycompany.com command is used, followed by crypto key generated rsa command. When the engineer types that command the IOS will stir up one for the number of bits. 512 is the default, however, one can choose a larger number and 1024 bits is recommended. The RSA encryption key is used for authentication and encryption of the SSH data. The express input telnet ssh command allows telnet and ssh on the virtual lines by being configured in the line vty 0 -15 mode. The interface range interface-interface command is used to make changes in the interface range. One can use this command to shut down all unused ports in a switch. Lastly, the copy run start command was used to copy the recent running configuration to the startup configuration.

Entering True Religion Brand Jeans into Mauritius Essay

In 2002, Jeffrey Lubell lay downed truthful pietism a brand of premium, vintage-inspired denim. Iconic for its precise fit and gossamer stitching details, True Religion has grown exponentially as a company and continues to operate according to its mission statement to make quality, American-made, authentic, timeless, broad fitting, 1970s inspired jeans wear, with a trendsetting appeal for todays consumer (True Religion Brand Jeans, 2009). The company currently caters a wide human body of app arl and accessories for men, women, and children, and is one of Americas leading designer denim brands.As the demand for premium denim has risen over the away decade giving rise to companies such as 7 For tout ensemble Mankind and Paige Premium Denim True Religion has remained successful by entering its products into foreign markets. True Religion jeans can be found all over Asia, Europe, and in less-developed countries such as Egypt. It is this global carriage that allows the brand to maintain an edge over its competitors. Which foreign market should be entered next? While countries such as France and Italy are typical indicate regions amongst clothing brands, developing countries with a large tourer industry could be promising as well.One sylvan in particular shows smashing potential as a new market for True Religion Mauritius. An island located off the southwest coast of Africa, the region offers some of the humankinds most stunning beaches, diverse people, a cosmopolitan society, and a booming tourist industry all of which, would be beneficial for creation True Religion Brand Jeans. Officially named The Republic of Mauritius, the political ashes of the island is a democracy that has been modeled after the British Parliamentary system. This allows for drop by the wayside elections that take place every five years, and secures a separation of effect within the government.Its legal system is primarily based on the cultivated law system of France, as we ll as English coarse law (Government of Mauritius, 2009). The governments prominent presence in the Mauritanian parsimoniousness has proved to be extremely effective and beneficial to the surface area and its people. Several acts have been put into effect to diversify the islands economy and build upon sectors that are currently successful, while striving to become a modern society with a high standard of brio. The success of the soils political and legal systems are further illustrated by Mauritius having a current real growth rate of 5. %, and being voted as the best-governed country in all of Africa (Government of Mauritius, 2009).Although developing countries may be perceived as a risky business investment, Mauritius economic growth and development by the years have proven otherwise. As the official government website of Mauritius states, An spellbinding blend of advantages is offered to international investors. These include political stability, pleasant and peaceful liv ing conditions, efficient telecommunications, pool of qualified professionals conversant in English and cut (Government of Mauritius, 2009).Mauritius has an ultimate goal of modernizing its society this includes modernizing its retail industry. Introducing True Religion jeans to the country provides the company with an untapped resource and would give True Religion a competitive edge against other premium denim brands. There are many opportunities that developing nations such as Mauritius offer. With a society that wishes to be worldly and up-to-date as well as a tourist industry that brings in people from all over the globe, Mauritius can offer True Religion Jeans an entirely new group of potential consumers, in a new and exciting location.

Dr. Henry Jekyll (and Mr.Hyde) was born in to a society of morality, respectability and religion Essay

Dr. Henry Jekyll was born in to a ball club of morality, respectability and religion. It was believed that progress could only be made if every cardinal was self-disciplined and moralistic. Authors such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help guides. All this was aimed to help the rich survive richer and the poor get poorer. In an age of stern, industrious hypocrites, respect was everything to the upper and middle anatomyes. muckle denied themselves alcohol, gambling and prostitution to gain the respect of others. Jekyll refers to these denied as pleasures. People lived without these pleasures only if soon began to wonder what they were missing. This brought about the slum adventurers. These were middle and upper class men who wanted to keep the respect of their society but, through anonymity, good-tempered screw up in the pleasures the poor slums had to offer. They would work by day in their offices and at night would journey down to the alleys of the slums.A person such as Mr Utterson, a London lawyer who does not wish to indulge in pleasures is of a vicarious disposition. It is noticed that though he enjoyed the theatre, he had not crossed the doors of one in twenty years. It is this vicariousness that helps him solve the causal agent of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Utterson is the opposite of Jekyll in the way that Utterson keeps the respectability of the strait-laced society, whereas Jekyll rebels.The rebellious nature of Jekyll leads him to discover how to transform his appearance. Dr. Lanyon, a respectable conventional doctor of Victorian society frowns on Jekyll mostly secret work, which he refers to as pseudoscientific balderdash.In the beginning it is difficult for us to feel agreement for Dr. Jekyll he is operateing by his own conscience. At this current stage, he is in no way addicted to Mr. Hyde. Even the line of battle of Mr. Hyde ghastly and dwarfish who gave the impression of deformity but with no nameable malformatio n, concord to Mr. Utterson, who had taken a loathing to my gentleman at first sight, should flummox forced Jekyll to recognise that Hyde was evil.It is very difficult to feel understanding for Jekyll after we are told about when Hyde trampled calmly over a preadolescent girls body. Normally after this until todayt anyone else would have ceased his shifting into Hyde. But Jekyll starts to work addicted to taking the drugs (as with modern addictions) and continues to turn into Hyde even after trampling the girl. As if trampling the girl was not a big enough deterrent Hyde brutally mangles Sir Danvers Carew. Jekyll, knowing what had happened, easily accepts it and shifts the satanic to Hyde. He shows this in Dr Jekylls full statement of the case, it was Hyde, after all, and Hyde unaccompanied that is guilty.The ease at which he accepts this and shifts the blame could almost be inhuman. But after he discovers that he begins to change into Hyde spontaneously, without the drug we con he is very self centred and selfish, I must(prenominal) have stared upon it half(prenominal) a minuteI rushed to the mirror my blood was more or lessthing all right thin and icy. Even though Jekyll is selfish about this, not mentioning what a terrible thing that he made now controls. We cigaret feel some sympathy for knowing that he is trapped and at anytime Hyde might emerge over which Jekyll has no control. Alternatively we can have sympathy for a man that failed to have foreseen what would happen and stopped the litigate as soon as possible. But he continued to adjoin his need for the pleasures which otherwise eluded him.It is also very difficult to feel aristocratical for someone who knows and remembers what happens, but does not take action to prevent it. My both natures had memory in common. Surely the memories of the girl and Carew should be harmful enough to force any sane and humane person to empower a stop to Hydes actions. Hyde goes into hiding after Ca rews murder in fear of being hung, should he be caught. This removes a serve of the sympathy we may otherwise feel towards Jekyll at this point, as til now again he shows signs of being selfish and putting himself before everyone else. some(prenominal) of this sympathy is regained when he is in hiding, he begins to show genuine self-reproach for Carews death.In the statement of the case, Jekyll finally admits to Hydes evil by saying It was no longer the fear of the gallows, it was the horror of being Hyde that racked me. This shows that Jekyll has become altruistic. Jekyll has now begun to put himself after everyone. He now excepts the he must not let Hyde free again for fear of him committing more evil. It is now we finally begin to feel sympathy and start to respect Jekyll for exhausting to put a stop to Hyde. Finally Jekyll commits suicide to publish the knowledge domain from the terror and evil Hyde could unleash. This gains him the greatest respect and sympathy. He took his life to save others from the extreme evil he had inadvertently created. He finally takes eventual(prenominal) responsibility and puts a stop to Hyde.In conclusion I hazard that Jekyll was a victim of Victorian society where respect was everything. In some parts it is hard to offer our sympathy but his final act was one that one must respect and offer sympathy for the bruise Jekyll went through. As we have seen restricting things from people can only perplex out the bad side of them, as Jekyll explains, My devil had been long caged, he came out roaring. Personal freedom is one of our greatest assets and one we take very much for granted.

The Rush of Amphetamine Use: the Need for Speed

The Rush of Amphetamine Use The Need for Speed oer the last century, Adderall and Ritalin have a bun in the oven transiti stard from respectable medications into designer drugs. Chemist L. Edeleano substantial amphetamines in the late 1800s primarily for respiratory ailments, save in time physicians noticed additional behavioral effects. Now, concourse that are diagnosed with upkeep Deficit Hyperactive incommode or Attention Deficit Disorder ( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADD) and narcolepsy drill amphetamines to alert and foc exercised (CESAR).According to the Princeton University online dictionary, amphetamines are a central dying(p) system stimulant that increases energy and decreases appetite used to treat narcolepsy and nearly spirts of depression. These prescription medications are some of the most popular and widely mistreated drugs among teens today, and are depended on for better performance in train, on sports subject field and are even used to ai d charge loss. Because amphetamines and similar drugs quail hunger, increase concentration, raise self esteem, and boost performance they appeal to unfixed young people.These miracle drugs are most often ill-treatd by college and proud school students because the medicine provides a sense of security that most users commodious for. Girls in particular use amphetamines such as Adderall, Ritalin, or Vyvanse for weight loss purposes. If a person gains alike m both lisdexamfetamines (a chemical substance exchangeable amphetamines in Ritalin or Vyvanse) or amphetamines, his bole keister flesh a tolerance which sack up cause increased dependency. The dangerous use of these drugs without the supervision of a medical doctor can be fatal.Like any other(a) drug, amphetamines can become an dependence that can only be overcome with the assistance of a trained physician. Scientists designed amphetamines to be stabilizing for those with acquire disabilities or mental disorders how ever, the abuse of these chemicals causes psychological dependence, tangible deterioration, and phantasmal destruction. According to expert medical journal writer Ellen Bailey, when Dr. Heinrich Hoffman discovered cultivation disabilities like ADD and ADHD, parents were overjoyed and relieved that there was something they could actually do to assist their children.Sir George F. explained to parents through his written lectures that it was not their fault that their children had come toed indocile behavior (2). Medical intervention could help, but the temptation to abuse the drugs followed the cure. conclusion these drugs can be as subdued as finding stone candy in a candy store. Desperate people who occasion amphetamines find hole in the wall doctors that lead give them the prescriptions they need. Doctors who use these methods of treatment, for the most part, have their own practice firms and give the people what they essential not need.Because people love the doctors , they have high satisfactory ratings. technically they are doing their job, and therefore are not reported for writing dishonorable prescriptions. There are several ports to take amphetamines a some focal points are ingested orally, crushed and snorted, dissolved in water and injected, or smoked (inhalation of the vaporized drug) (CESAR). around students use amphetamines as a shortcut to an A on a test or an cushy way out of studying. What is so special about these drugs? What makes them appealing to students and adults without accomplishment disabilities?acquirement through drug abuse is common athletes use steroids to enhance their performance, and people who suffer from depression have happy-pills to help them be to a greater extent at ease with themselves. Those who are compelled to over-achieve often use amphetamines. Because of intense peer jam and a compulsion to achieve, students then fall into the trap of amphetamine abuse in an attempt to cheat the system. Amphet amines do help students and people with learning disabilities by allowing them to focus better and work more effectively.People with ADD and ADHD are missing certain chemicals in their spirits that drugs like Vyvanse and Adderall can help. Margaret Lahey and Shari Rosenfrom the Bamford-Lahey Childrens Foundation explain that the part of the brain that controls concentration uses a chemical called dopamine. It is an important neurotransmitter that does not work properly for people with learning disorders (Par 9). Adderall and other amphetamines supply this chemical for those people so that they are able to number as normally as possible.The outcome is the ability to function without restriction. Some suffering from anorexia nervosa have discovered another abuse of amphetamines in the form of diet pills. Leading scientific experts Dr. ass E. Blundell and Micah B. Leshem agree that hunger is sternly suppressed while using amphetamines. In a recent study, the devil scientists deter mined the following The effects upon food intake of three dit trains of fenfluramine and amphetamine were compared in rats with bilateral or unilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus. .At 8 weeks by and by operation amphetamine anorexia was significantly diminished in bilaterally lesioned animals whereas fenfluramine anorexia was significantly enhance. Further tests carried out at 14 and 20 weeks after operation showed that amphetamine regained its anorexic potency in lesioned animals, while the enhanced potency of fenfluramine remained. The results are consistent with the belief that these two anorexic agents move through quite separate sites and mechanisms of action. (Par 1) Because of the severity of the weight loss, it is extremely easy to fall into a deep psychological obsession and addiction.According to student John Monroe, diagnosed last year with ADD, within the first two weeks of pickings Adderall, he lost a shocking ten pounds. He earnd quickly how dangerous hi s weight loss would be if he continued fetching the medications. Even though weight loss is not a motive for some taking the medications, the side effect still occurs. However, abusers sometimes take too much too often without even knowing it. o.d. can lead to hair loss, loss of menstruation in women, anemia, euphoria, body twitches, and even heart failure.Amphetamine abuse hurts you in more than the physical level but also at the spiritual level. When sin entered the heart of man, so did the desire for self-acceptance. With todays standards, some of the hardest trials a person can go through are perfectionist tendencies, fitting in with the word, and acceptance of self. If abusers have feelings of dislike towards themselves, their minds, or their bodies and do not feel perfect the way they are, they are telling God that He made a slue in making them.God made each and every person in his image (New International Version Bible, Gen 1. 27) some people have difficulties learning whi le others do not. The rise of amphetamine habitude in twelfth graders is especially shocking. According to a recent study from the University of Maryland, 15% of twelfth graders were using prescription amphetamines for nonmedical reasons (Cesar FAX). The graph below stags the percentages of 12th graders using amphetamines to the usage of narcotics and where the students attained them. (Cesar FAX)An assumed argument against whether amphetamines should be legalized is that the medicine is not prejudicial to anyone if used in moderation and under a doctors supervision. If test results from a person without a learning disability reveal normal blood and behavior levels, that should be enough to make doctors realize that, if used under supervision and in moderation, the drug is safe. The medicine is more effective and safer for keeping a person focused and on commit than smoking, and it gives the same buzz alcohol can give but without the pretend of getting drunk.The danger is still deeper than mood swings or behavior problems. As stated before, Lahey explains that people who have learning disabilities have a impaired neurotransmitter call dopamine (Par 9). In simpler terms, it means that the stimulation part of the brain is missing, and as a result, the brain automatically tries to find outside methods to deliver the chemicals it is lacking. Peoplewith ADD have to fuel up their brains with things like physical activities, movement, and always doing something that stimulates their brains.Such impulsive behavior is not a conscious stopping point that peoplewith ADD/HD make they really cannot help themselves. The behavior becomes a reflex action and they act in a hyperactive manner. The amphetamines help people with learning disorders like ADD and ADHD by planning the dopamine that their brains are missing. If a person without such learning disabilities has too much dopamine, his or her body can go into overdrive and can create a resistance, causing the brain to need more it becomes an addiction.One addiction can lead to a door of temptation that swings wide ease up for other drugs. Once one drug is dismissed by saying, Oh, it is besides a past thing, the drug habit becomes a onetime thing. God provided doctors who can help a person with learning disabilities attain a sense of normalness and those without, He gave teachers, parents, and other people who can stick out them though any trial that may come God will provide for a persons needs without using the easy way out and using counterfeit concentration or dieting habits. What many people fail to think about before taking amphetamines without prescription are the consequences. It is not worth losing family, friends, a job, or school and is certainly not worth the consequences of being charged with illegal drug use. Illegal amphetamine use may seem small and insignificant, but once one is addicted, it is nearly impossible to get rid of the ghosts of ones past. The problem is not th e medication, but how mankind uses or abuses the medication. industrial plant Cited Blundell, John E. , Micah B. Leshem. Central Action of Anorexic Agents Effects of Amphetamine and Fenfluramine in Rats with Lateral Hypothalamic Lesions. ScienceDirect Home. Elsevier B. V. , Sept. 1974. Web. 04 Nov. 2010. Cesar FAX. Friends and Family Are Most Common Source of prescription medicine Amphetamines and Narcotics Used Nonmedically by 12th Graders. CESAR (Center for Substance Abuse Research). University of Maryland, 2 Feb. 2009. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. Ellen, Bailey, and Carson-Dewitt Rosalyn. Behavior Drugs & Children An Overview. Point of View Reference Center. EBSCO, 2009.Web. Oct. -Nov. 2010. Lahey, Margaret, and Shari Rosen. Neurotransmitters and Learning, Memory and developmental Disorders. Childrens Disability Information. Childrens Disabilities &Special Needs Information. Web. Oct. -Nov. 2010. Monroe, John S. Having ADD. Telephone interview. 9 Oct. 2010. Princeton Universit y. Amphetamine Definition. WordnetWeb. Princeton University. Web. 27 Nov. 2010. University of Maryland. Amphetamines. CESAR (Center for Substance Abuse Research). University of Maryland, 2 May 2005. Web. 27 Nov. 2010.

Case study Business policy

The midwestern United States suburb head was once a top Daimler-Chrysler dealer for three course of studys in a course ending 2007. During this time, the dealer was the envy of the entire Midwest automobile market bulge because of its spectacular sales performance along practically all categories of vehicles. For so many years, the franchise was an apple of Chryslers eyes. At the end of the year 2008 however, the dealership dropped to the lowest rung in all 87 Midwest dealers.From a sterling performance of $1.2 billion group revenues in 2006, the dealership revenues slid to just $120 one million million during 2008 or just a absolute 10 per cent of its peak performance. What happened to an erstwhile enviable dealer seemly a corporate issue of great proportions? The financials are obvious barely what non-financial factors were responsible for the steep decline in revenues?The critical incidents Pre 2005-2007The Midwest Chrysler dealer commenced business in May 1995 as a ut ilize car dealer starting off with a $2 million coronation from the partnership of John Clarkson, an accountant by profession and Stephen Howell, both in their early thirties.The partners agreed that John Clarkson will become the general handler for three years with the other partner Stephen Howell, a former used car salesman, becoming the general manager for three years as well starting 2003 to 2005 after which John assumes back the position from 2006 to 2009.The dealership did very well selling used cars up to 1999 when the partners found an hazard to become an exclusive Chrysler dealer. From the $2 million investment, above industry returns jacked up total resources to $20 million by December 2001 and revenues of $50 million. A sales effectiveness of 20 topnotch salesmen from competing dealers were recruited and formed into a lump sales force of two and assigned in nearby counties and besides beyond the state.Sales commissions were increase to 5 percent above industry to bo ok the drive of the twenty account executives. By the end of 2002, total revenues tote up $86 million with total assets of $36 million. Upbeat sales were triggered by aggressive selling of both new and old line of cars, back up by aggressive financing from every financial services fit out available in the area.Motivated by the sales trend, the company further increased its sales force by another ten and covered nearby states of Missouri, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky and Wisconsin, all considered bright areas for almost every Chrysler variant.Thanks to the aggressive sales force that dominated the dealership from 2002 to 2005.By the end of 2005, total corporate resources reached $140 million with revenues hitting $600 million. At this point however, several financing firms were starting to infinite themselves from the Midwest dealer for one significant reason the account executives defecate been referring subprime buyers, demanding and collecting bigger commissions, proposing too agg ressive financing stipulations than sooner and threatening to form their own financial services group to syphon the good accounts and refer subprime accounts to the local financiers. The sales force was discovered to pay favored certain financiers.The general manager at this point was Stephen Howell whose term started 2002 and ended 2005. It was he who conducted an aggressive hiring of account executives that generated the unprecedented revenues. Hiring of new employees was also intensified that bloated the dealer workforce by more than 30 non-productive employees without real number assignments. Many of these workers were referred by the account executives.Howell accommodated these referrals without referring to the budget control systems adopted by the company, one of the several internal control systems put in place by Clarkson before he stepped down in 2002. 

Peace and order Essay

Maintenance of in the domain eye(predicate) ready is a philia function of governance. The Indian Constitution, while according a pre-eminent position for the unplumbed rights of citizens, recognizes the importance of common position, by providing for legislation imposing reasonable restrictions in the sake of spread order. Under the Constitution of India, the Union and the federating units, that is, the re unexclusives bewilder clear atomic number 18as of responsibility. Public ramble and legal philosophy are essentially the responsibilities of State tribunals. However, the fundamental Government assists them by providing Central Paramilitary Forces (CPMFs) as and when required.The Administrative Reforms kick is looking at Public Order with a view to stir a framework to strengthen administrative machinery to maintain public order conducive to social harmony and economical development. And likewise to build dexterity for conflict resolution. ARC is looking into al l aspects of the subject therefore the charge is on studying the causes of public disorder, how early symptoms of disorder should be detected and copeed salutary in time, what should be the voice of various stakeholders in victuals of public order, how the enforcement machinery should be made more effective to sleep with with public disorder. The Commission is examining the subject by focusing on its components to wit causes of conflicts and their resolution, secondly the intention of urbane administration, media, rules of order, Judiciary and NGOs in maintaining public order, and threesome the case of constabulary and the subscribe for reforms. Accordingly each one of these is being discussed in great length in three separate stores. In the first workshop which is being organized jointly with the Centre for courtly order Research (CPR), the role of cultured administration and opposite stakeholders would be discussed, in the second workshop, which is being or ganized jointly with CPR and the Kannada University the different types of conflicts in the Indian Society would be discussed, and in the third workshop being organized jointly with the National Police Academy the Role of Police would be discussed.The aim of the first workshop on public order is to identify the salient lessons we can learn from a variety of experiences in dealing with public disorder. The workshop will help the ARC to calculate through round(a) of the challenges posed for the maintenance of public order by the role of the four agencies namely the civil administration, the judicial discussions, the civil society and the media. How can these agencies be strengthened to make them promoters of a more tender public order? What are some of the difficulties that identification numberors in these different domains pillowcase? What are some of the comm scarcely leveled criticisms of these agencies? Do these criticisms posit some administrative or legal response? W hat explains the success of failure of these agencies on some occasions. Although the focus of the workshop will be on reforms that can be implemented, this workshop would like to discuss these bulges in the dewy-eyedst possible perspective so that new and innovative ideas can be countenanced. The main task of the workshop will be to identify problems and challenges in these domains, and to recommend possible solutions.The nominate of the second workshop that is on Conflict resolution is to (a) engage in relax and frank discussions ab disclose the causes of conflicts in India, (b) arrive at some conclusion about the role and importance of different ethnic factors in the origin and continuance of these conflicts so that (c) fundamental solutions can be proposed to address the deep-rooted causes for the sustainable maintenance of public order. The emphasis will be on coming up with specific recommendations pertaining to administrative reform.Similarly the third workshop, which is being organized jointly with the National Police Academy, would focus on the role of police and police reforms.  Before I go into the role of various stakeholders, I would like to clarify the meaning of the word public order. Any violation of Law is a problem of Law and Order, scarce every such(prenominal) violation is non a case of waver of public order. The dividing line between Public order and Law and Order is very thin. The Apex Court has explained the concept of public order.  It is the potentiality of an act to trouble oneself the even tempo of the life of the community which makes it prejudicial to the maintenance of public order. If the contravention in its effect is confined only to a few individuals directly involved, as distinct from a wide spectrum of public, it would raise the problem of truth and order only. It is the potentiality of the act to disturb the even tempo of the life of the community which makes it prejudicial to the maintenance of public order.Importance of maintaining public orderIndia today is poised to start as a global economic power with all its high gear growth rate of economy and all-round economic development. For realizing our legitimate aspirations of economic development, it is essential that the problems of peace and order are managed efficiently in the country. No developmental activity is possible in an environment of insecurity and disorder. ill luck to manage the multifarious problems arising out of violent conflicts based on religious, caste, ethnic, regional or any other disputes, can lead to unstable and topsy-turvy conditions. Such conditions not only militate against realization of our economic dream, merely also would jeopardize our survival as a vibrant democracy. We have to look at the problem of public order management and the role of law enforcement in that regard, in this perspective. We should not for perplex that it is the weaker sections which suffer the approximately in any publi c disorder.Whose responsibility is to maintain public order-role of civil administration Undoubtedly, it is the role of the police, as the principal law enforcement agency to husband public order. The magistracy and the judiciary also have a rattling role in preserving public order. except there are other agencies within the political sympathiesal set up which have to contri only whene towards preserving public order. It is the police which bears the brunt of violations of the Laws and also the ensuing violence. But in a spectacular number of addressing the root cause is much beyond their purview. The case of recent demolitions in Delhi is an example. The main cause there has been the non enforcement of the building regulations by the officials who were entrusted this task. other example is the Ulhasnagar demolitions.If one looks at the causes of public disorder, there are a host of reasons. These may be broadly classified into socio-economic, political, historical and ad ministrative. I am not expiry into the details of each one of these but I would like to highlight that a large number of public disorders have administrative reasons as their root cause. Therefore we have to bewilder in change in our mindset. Our response to public disorder should flummox at the very initial stage, and it is here that the role of entire civil administration including both regulatory and developmental becomes important.The period after independence has seen a tremendous increase in spread of education and aboard has increased the awareness among the people and so also the aspirations. And when these aspirations are not met, tensions prevail within the society, which if not redressed have the potential of erupting as a problem of public disorder. Increasingly, and rightly so, administration is not being sensed as a ruling class. People are realizing that they are military suffice providers. The administration must also realize this role. Wrong doings of admini stration, which in the past may have got muted acceptance, are no seven-day being tolerated by the civil society. We have to provide an administration which is fair, target area and transparent. How to achieve this is a challenge before us.Role of the Judiciary addition to nicety is fundamental to the discover of Law. If the citizens feel that access to arbitrator is delayed or is not effective, they get alienated. If they feel that punishment is meted out to the wrong doers only in a few cases, they have a tendency to disassociate them with the judicial process and stop taking interest as a complainant, a witness or a pancha.sometimes a landlord looking to get a recalcitrant tenant out, a tenant seeking protection from an avaricious landlord, families involved in post disputes, start by thinking that gangsters (goondas) can settle their problems which the courts are going to take ages to do. If this becomes common, criminality will be a substitute for Rule of Law. We have to ensure that we do not reach such a precarious situation. Criminals should be intimidated by what Shakespeare called The awful loftiness of the law, other wise they will become a law unto themselves. Various Law Commissions have suggested reforms in the criminal and civil justice administration system, which need to be acted upon.Role of the mediaThe importance of a free press, for a healthy democracy cannot be overemphasized. More importantly, it is a split of check and balance that keeps the authorities on their toes on the one heap and a type of mirror that enables people in authority to get a continuous reality check, on the other. This remains an important role for the media, despite the increasing pressures of commercialization. The fact that democratic India could avoid famines, Amartya Sen has suggested, was almost all due to the role of the media in sensitizing authorities to the urgency of providing relief. then our free and energetic media is, in fact, our best ea rly warning system.But what is essential is that the media should play a responsible role. It has been observed that at times, a part of the media has not been quite objective in their reporting. Sometimes the media also plays a role in spreading prejudices, as they needless to say, are more interested in sensational news than sensible inferential news. We may deliberate as to how the potential of media can be tapped in maintaining public order.Role of the Society, NGOsA democratic society cannot function powerful if everything in it is left only to the State or even to statutory bodies. Because of the increasing complexities of societies everything cannot be interpreted care of by the Governmental institutions. The facing pages has to be filled up by the civil society. Government intervention itself will be in fructuous if it is not underpinned by voluntary action. yet the exercise of political power through civil society opens the itinerary for democracy in real sense of the term. Civil society consists of open and secular institutions that mediate between the citizen and the State. In the absence of civil society, the State machinery and civil servants becomes the dominant and the only repository of power. The modern idea of civil government requires emergence of civil society which would make people independent rather than remain dependent on State institutions. Participation by the civil society makes the citizens active agents instead of becoming merely hands-off recipients of welfare.We, especially in the government need to realize that in a healthy growth model of a free democratic society, the Government is just one of the participants. The Government exists as one of the servitors in the service of the society. Indeed the awareness that government alone can neither forge all the problems of the society nor it is the only crucial actor in addressing major(ip) societal issues has dictated the need to look beyond Government. Interdependence and need to find solutions to societal problems call for greater collaboration between the government and civil society.A large number of Non Governmental organizations (NGOs) are working(a) in the developmental fields. But the number of such NGOs dedicating themselves to preservation of public order is limited. We can perhaps learn from experiences of some of these NGOs and recommend measures to pave the way for their greater involvement.Role of the PoliceI should have taken up the role of police first, as they are the main actors in this process. But as I have mentioned that we will be discussing this issue at great length in the third workshop, which we are organizing at the National Police Academy. But I would suggest that aspects of police administration which require interaction with other governmental agencies and stakeholders may be discussed in this workshop.ConclusionDevelopment and security are truly mutually inter-related. We need therefore, to evolve a combined strateg y to deal simultaneously with the gibe challenges of development and security within the framework of a democratic polity commit to respect for all fundamental human freedoms and also committed to upholding the rule of law. Internal conflict management is the key to the success of participative democracy, alter national solidarity and cohesion and firming up the nations resolve and cleverness to meet any external threats to its security and territorial integrity. The deficiencies in this alert area need to be plugged through judicial and police reforms, better citizen participation in governance, transparency and more effective and merged approach to public order maintenance.Violations of public order, given their socio-economic, political and administrative causes demand a concerted response from different wings of the civil administration. When this is done at the nascent stage itself, minor discords can be prevented from turning into major public disorders. The challeng e lies in institutionalizing a weapon so that all wings of the civil administration as well as other stakeholders work in a coordinated fashion. I hope that these two workshops would be able to come up with strong recommendations for a framework and a roadmap for maintaining public order.

Effects of Maternal Employment on Infant Development Essay

The topic of this paper is the debate of whether or non maternal employment has either effect on babe development. look on this described topic has recently become popular overdue to the rise of working flummoxs over the past several decades. Their increasing physiques racket in the workplace and decreasing numbers as bear on at central office moms are creating a number of contrastive secretes to be studied. The effect of maternal employment are determined by a number of factors that include, the mothers job satisfaction and drive, amount of work, and the mothers opinion of quality versus quantity sequence with tikeren.The main concept at hand here is the importance of an attachment in the showtime few draw of instructions as being vital to a squirts later development. One nerve of the argument backs up this fact reflexion that it is authorized for a child to start their mother station with them during this gunpoint of development. The other side argues that they are finding that it may be to a greater extent(prenominal) beneficial for the child to be dictated in whatsoever draw of nontraditional business concern environment. This paper depart examine these different cause on infant development whether they are positive or negative. on that point are two sides to this argument as expected for any issue in debate. I will discuss these two sides by utilise the arguments of seekers that baffle studied this topic and written holds on their opposing feelings on maternal employment. I will summarize separately these two researchers different views along with their findings. After I cede summarized some of their findings I will be presenting my avouch individualised view on this topic. The authors arguing the yes side of this debate are, Jay Belsky and David Eggebeen.Their purpose in writing on this issue was to confidential information upon some of the issues involved in what has become known as the infant day disturbance con troversy. They reviewed previous studies of maternal employment and of the infants involved receiving conglomerate types of non-parental lot and order that the children that received the type of non-parental care available in the United States for 20 or more(prenominal) than hours a week during their low socio-economic class of life are at a higher try of developing insecure attachments to their mothers and have been known to misbehave with adults and act more aggressively toward their peers as 3 to 8 year olds.It was withal found that the children that had received care for 20 or more hours per week during their send-off year and this care continued through their pre tutor old age did poorly academic everyy and favorablely than the children that had not received amply-time care until sometime later. former(prenominal) later referring to at least after the childs imprimatur year of life this is due to research that has also shown that children that began full-time car e for 30 hours a week in their second year functioned only if as poorly as these children whose care was initiated in their first year of life.These studies have been examined by many researchers, each of them varying and being indue together a little better than the last after victorious in to mind the criticism for each. After Belskys research was criticized other similar study was make but also took into account the mount information of the child, mother and the family. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth was utilize for these studies which also lead to there being a more congresswoman sample of children. Their research broke up the children, 4, 5 and 6 year olds, into three separate groups so they could be compared on the emotional and cordial functioning being studied.There were two groups differing by when their non-parental care started, either the first or second year of life, and a third for those children that had mothers that were diligent less than 10 ho urs per week or not at all busy. The results were similar but they did distinguish that a shy child would be more plausibly to be affected by non-parental care, having trouble cope with their mothers away from them. Research has also been able to connect aggression toward peers with broad and early maternal employment.In comparison to this, children whose mothers did not work during their first three years of life markedly more compliant than their peers whose mothers were employed full-time. The opposing side to this debate, written by K. Alison Clarke-Stewart, also brings up a good argument. It is obvious in our changing society that mothers bringing nursing home their families only income or second income has become more common so that every year the number of their children being place in different kinds of nontraditional child care atmospheres is constantly increasing.In doing her research she is aspect for the marked advantages and disadvantages that these various child care environments for the involved childrens social and cognitive development. She seems to have only found advantages after coming to the conclusion, and her articles title, that, a home is not a school. The research used studies involving 150 children that were 2 and 3 years old. These children belonged to one of sextet different child care situations, these being, care by parents, care by a sitter at home, day care, part-time nursery school, full time nursery or care in a concentrate on full-time and part-time by a sitter.It was found in these studies that children that were placed in the different day care nerves and preschool plans are more likely to be socially skilled and intellectually advanced than children that stayed at home with their parents or sitters. This research also gave evidence that these children in the care of a center displayed more positive social qualities such as self-confidence, self-assurance, independence, and so forthResearch has shown that when t he children were compared on different types of intellectual abilities, those that had been in center care scored better in eye-hand coordination, creative use of materials, memory, problem solving and reasoning, and sanctioned knowledge about the physical world. These children also had better advanced language, present that differences favor these children in both verbal and nonverbal skills. These differences are fit with more physical stimulation, the amount of adult attention they receive and the luck for the children to interact with peers all available at these care centers.Many of the care givers in these centers have had education and training for their positions which makes them apt to be more helpful and explain things to the children. Another difference between homes and care centers is the imperious discipline that is usually present at home. This difference has been linked to childrens lower intellectual and social competence. All of these aspects lead to the care-c enter resembling a school-like environment that encourages intellectual and social development at an earlier age.As for my own personal view, this is a very tough issue as is any with convincing evidence on each side, but I have a more traditional view on mothering and feel that it is important for a childs development to have that draw together with and nurturing from their mother. This has of course become an issue because of our constantly increasing price of living it seems that some kind of second income is now needed for most families. This issue makes it a tough call but I still feel the same. I do not think that it is easy to develop this kind of bond if the child is immediately placed into the care of someone else.My own personal fuck was that my mother did not go back to work until her youngest child had started elementary school and even then she was sure that she only worked time we were in school and was usually home around the same time as us. I dont think I could h ave established the bond that I have with my mother now if she had done anything different with us. I feel that it is important that a mother and engender are financially ready enough to have a child without the mother having to work again right away.I do learn with setting up your child in some kind of pre-school program to help them to develop social skills and an interaction with their peer group is also important. I obviously used some of my own personal experience and feelings to make my decision. After reading the articles my mind was not changed on this debate, they sound gave me more support for my position. In the articles, each side discusses how these children do academically one side placing its emphasis on better adjustment to school and the other on more advanced skills when in school.It has been discussed that children that were not placed in non-traditional care and stayed at home with their mothers for their first three years do not take long to catch up academic ally with the kids that had been placed in different care environments. Children that have been able to stay at home with their mothers have also been found to be more compliance and less behavioral problems when placed into school. I think that the man-to-man relationship that they got to have with their mother right from the beginning help a great deal in creating these types of good behaviors.The children who have been placed in the care of others all their lives would not know this feeling because they have eternally been surrounded by other children receiving care from the same few center workers. I really feel that the best thing a mother can do for her children to ensure good development and a smart childhood is be a loving mother at home for at least the first three years of life. Once they have had this experience, and they are closer to 4 years old they will in all probability be ready for some kind of pre-school program.

Defining Abnormality Essay

Introduction Abnormal fashion comes from many diverse backgrounds of either ages, cultures and religions. Abnormal Psychology is made of all different brokers and inwardly those factors branch out into the antidromic appearance that is so many people. Personality is what shapes style and the cultural around a soul no matter what age or religion house carry on a person to start with subnormal sort. In this paper unmatched allow find that age, cultural and religion does play a factor delimitate what affectedity is about. What is normal and what is brachydactylic carriage? climb onAge is a huge factor in atypical psychology and in defining and determining if on that point is normal or abnormal style existence used. As we grow up and get older we throw and we act differently, our age is a huge factor because with age we analyze more and more and act differently and this erect make our appearances different as well and that is why age is a challenge to crafty i f port is normal or abnormal. at that place are many challenges in determining normal from abnormal only when age is definitely a big one and is work outed at and con locationred before clarifying if a behavior is normal or abnormal.When sceneing at someones behavior and trying to distinguish if it is normal or abnormal we essential look at their age as well. Behaviors that might be abnormal at one age group might not be abnormal in a different age group (ccvillage. buffalo. edu, N. A. ). someone who is an cock-a-hoop and in their thirties is less likely to act immature or childish, it is not normal, compared to someone who is seven and a child still. If an abnormal behavior is found then age is looked at, if this child has an abnormal behavior will he or she grow out of it as they age or do they need help?These are a few things they look at and think about when age is involved. Age too watchs whether or not a certain behavior can be disconcert in the future. When trying to diagnosis someones behavior it is harder at a younger age and the age really necessarily to be looked at and taken into figureation to make sure that the behavior that is being diagnosed isnt just something someone at that age might do. There are many challenges when diagnosing a behavior normal or abnormal but age is a big challenge that needs to be taken seriously and looked at carefully. Culture Culture and behavior are just like two clashing forces.What one side feels is a normal behavior, the other side may identify as an abnormal behavior. Imagine going into a country that you are not familiar with. Being exposed to different environment and different slipway of life can be difficult, and can even test the reliever zone. One country may have a variety of foods to involve from, while the other one may offer what the land has to get through like rice, bread and even rats and bugs. Aside from experiencing other cultures, there is also the case of finding abnormalities a nd judging between normal and abnormal within our own communities.Culture does not only include food differences, but can be a variety of other classifications like wisdom and social status. Intelligence there is a normal distribution of IQ scores. Those whose scores are 2 sds below the mean of one hundred are, by this definition mentally retarded (i. e. abnormal) (Ccvillage. buffalo. edu, N. A. ). There could be a situation where an immigrant begins school in his new country, and automatically he is stereotyped as a less intelligent person because of his cultural background. Finally, there is also the social norm, which is what all the normal people classify themselves as. sequence children are advancing through grade school, they classify one other as normal or abnormal. The cool kids and the majority of the regular, less arouse kids would be classified amongst themselves as normal. The other children like the girl who picks her nose, the pitiful student in the classroom an d sometimes even the really refreshful children would not fit amongst the social norm, and be classified as abnormal. Someone who frequently violates these unwritten rules is seen as abnormal. This is a very powerful and ingratiatory definition. It is seemingly common-sense.Norms are so deeply ingrained they seem out-and-out(a) (Ccvillage. buffalo. edu, N. A. ). Religion Religion creates another dimension of defining normal and abnormal behavior. Religion adds the dimension of morality. Religions consider immoral behavior to be abnormal behavior, and each religion has its own definition of immoral behavior. Abnormal behavior is behavior that is considered unusual for any given culture, society, or religion. Some religions consider tattooing and piercing the body is abnormal behavior while some cultures bring tattooing and piercing as a right of passage.A verse in the Bible states Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor marker any marks upon you I am the LORD. (Leviticus 1928) Many religions, such(prenominal) as Christianity, use this verse to prove that tattooing and piercing is abnormal behavior and that it is immoral, while some Muslims receive a tattoo as substantiation they visited Mecca. A major challenge involving religion and abnormal behavior involves the romish Catholic Church and exorcism. According to Margoni, L, children who are abused, mistreated, or rejected by parents or siblings, may become possessed by an evil bosom and be in need of exorcism.The child might exhibit abnormal behavior by abusing drugs and alcohol, and may suffer from depression. A clinician would prescribe rede and possibly medication for the child, and would be a very different intercession of the child than the child would receive from a priest. Many behaviors would be estimate of as abnormal according to ghostly views, societal/ cultural and clinical views, but the treatment could be very different. Many churches offer focussing for psych ological and emotional problems and offer help that is in agreement with the beliefs of that finical religion.Many other examples exist concerning the challenge of religion in defining abnormal behavior, and how religious beliefs sometimes contradict modern psychological views and science. Individuals must use common sense and seek out credible clinicians and religious leaders when in need of psychological help. Conclusion Normal and abnormal behavior can be explained through different situations where one can be able to determine what I normal and abnormal. Age may determine certain behavior, a cultural background may determine different beliefs that may give off different emotions and even religions can determine a different way of worship.

Case Study/Research Paper of Mergers Icici and Icici Bank

&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- case study &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- MERGER DEAl &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- icici with icici bank amalgamation For Mergers and Acquisitions in the BANKING SECTOR AAKANKSHA KUMAR * EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ICICI- Industrial Credit and enthronization Corpo symmetryn of India trammel (ICICI) was founded by the World commit, the Government of India and representatives of private pains on 5 January, 1995. The objective was to encourage and assist industrial organic evolution and coronation in India. Over the age, ICICI has evolved into a diversified financial institution.ICICIs principal occupancy activities include project pay, theme pay, corporate finance, securitization, leasing, deferred credit, consultancy go and custodial service. It has set up specialised subsidiaries in the areas of commercial banking, enthronisation banking, non banking finance, investor servicing broking, venture chapiter finance and state level substructure financing from where the convocation draws its strength. ICICI BANK- ICICI edge was set up by the ICICI pigeonholing as a commercial banking outfit on 5 January, 1994 and authentic its banking license from the rbi on 17 May, 1994.The for the frontmost time branch of ICICI affirm was started in Chennai in June 1994 and by 31 March, 1999 and before the jointure it had 64 branches across the country. From the beginning the branches were fully computerised with state-of-the-art technology and systems and networked finished VSAT technology. It offered a wide spectrum of domestic and international banking services to facilitate trade, investment, cross-border transmission line and treasury and foreign exchange services. This is in addition to a whole arena of deposit services offered to individuals and corporate bodies.ICICI c usss Infinity was the first Internet banking service in the country. Currently the posit has around 350000 customers. * about THE MERGER After conside ration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the scene of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking Industry, and the move towards common keister banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI vernacular decided to go for the unification of ICICI with ICICI depone which would be beneficial for some(prenominal) entities and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI groups habitual banking strategy.In October 2001, the Board of Directors of ICICI and ICICI bevel approved the union of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services control and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI margin. The merger was approved by assignholders of ICICI and ICICI assert in January 2002,by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmada grown in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002.ICICI Limited merged with ICICI Bank Limited on 30 March 2002, with the swap ratio of 2 ICICI Shares for 1 deal of ICICI Bank Limited. With this merger, the second largest Bank in India was born. rbi had give approval for the reverse merger of ICICI Ltd. with its banking arm ICICI Bank. ICICI Bank with Rs. 1 lakh crore asset junior-grade bank is second only to State Bank of India, which is comfortably over Rs. 3 lakh crore in size. RBI in any case cleared the merger of two ICICI subsidiaries. FOR ICICI THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Increasing the speed in financing long-term projects 2.Obtaining access to cheaper funds for lending 3. Increasing its orison to investors for raising ceiling posterior needed to write off uncollectible loans 4. Competing more effectively in the retail finance grocery reign by banks FOR ICICI BANK THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Expanding geographically 2. Utilising large capita l base of ICICI 3. Gaining brand equity from the strong brand of ICICI 4. Deriving benefits from ICICIs healthy established corporate relationship * CONDITIONS LAID DOWN BY THE RBI BEFORE GIVING THE APPROVAL FOR THE MERGER (i) Compliance with Reserve Requirements The ICICI Bank Ltd. ould comply with the Cash Reserve Requirements ( down the stairs Section 42 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934) and Statutory Liquidity Reserve Requirements ( be downhearted Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949) as applicable to banks on the net demand and time liabilities of the bank, inclusive of the liabilities pertaining to ICICI Ltd. from the take in of merger (ii) Appointment of Directors The bank should hold compliance with Section 20 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, concerning granting of loans to the companies in which directors of such companies are overly directors. iii) Conditions relating to Swap balance As the proposed merger is between a banking company and a financi al institution, all matters connected with divideholding including the swap ratio, will be governed by the pabulum of Companies Act, 1956, as provided (iv) Subsidiaries While taking over the subsidiaries of ICICI Ltd. after merger, the bank should operate that the activities of the subsidiaries comply with the requirements of permissible activities to be undertaken by a bank under Section 6 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and Section 19 (1) of the Act ibidem v) Preference Share Capital Section 12 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 requires that capital of a banking company shall consist of ordinary grants only (except preference share issued before 1944). * BENEFITS OF MERGER Through the merger, ICICI Bank became Indias 1st ecumenical bank that is, one-stop shop financial services in India and acquired large grocery share of retail banking and offered a complete figure of speech of banking products. 1. Optimum example of human capital 2.Improved ability to further dive rsity asset portfolio and personal line of credit revenues 3. Reduced costs of funds 4. Availability of more float specie due to active participation in the payment system 5. diversify fund raising due to access to retail funds 6. Leveraged the ICICIs capital and client base in terms of increase in fee income 7. Improved profitability by leveraging technology and menial cost structure 8. Access to ICICI groups talent pussycat and thereby suppuration of human resource at lower costs. * PROBLEMS confront . The insecurity of failure to obtain government and other approvals of the merger as per planned. 2. The hazard of failure of the High Courts of Mumbai and Gujarat to approve the scheme of Amalgamation. 3. The risk of concern which may not be integrated as smooth as planned. 4. Merger of ICICI Ltd and ICICI bank making it more difficult to maintain relationships with clients, employees and suppliers. 5. The risk of new and changing regulation and unfavourable political suppor t or other developments in Indian and international markets. CONCLUSION The swap ratio was based on the valuations and recommendations of investment bankers. The merger ratio was set as two ICICI shares for every ICICI Bank share that is one equity share of ICICI Bank was swapped for two equity shares of ICICI. The merger brought operational strategies twain in terms of economies of scale and scope. Economies of scale achieved by means of increase in line of reasoning volumes at lower operating costs and deployment of latest technology. Economies of scope were achieved through enlarged product range.FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ICICI AND ICICI BANK AFTER MERGER ICICI Ltd increase to equity holders increased by 16% 21% increase in Indian GAAP consoli appointeed profits ICICI BANK There was ever so an increase seen in the profits after the merger The merger took tooshie in 2002 and its 2013 now the merger has successfully completed 11 years which shows that the merger created a stro ng entity, which will redefine banking in the extremely competitive era of globalisation and liberalisation. BIBLIOGRAPHY * www. google. com * www. economictimes. comCase Study/Research motif of Mergers Icici and Icici Bank&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- case study &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- MERGER DEAl &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- icici with icici bank merger For Mergers and Acquisitions in the BANKING SECTOR AAKANKSHA KUMAR * EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ICICI- Industrial Credit and coronation Corporation of India Limited (ICICI) was founded by the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of private sedulousness on 5 January, 1995. The objective was to encourage and assist industrial development and investment in India. Over the years, ICICI has evolved into a diversified financial institution.ICICIs principal channe l activities include project finance, infrastructure finance, corporate finance, securitization, leasing, deferred credit, consultancy services and custodial services. It has set up specialised subsidiaries in the areas of commercial banking, investment banking, non banking finance, investor servicing broking, venture capital finance and state level infrastructure financing from where the group draws its strength. ICICI BANK- ICICI Bank was set up by the ICICI group as a commercial banking outfit on 5 January, 1994 and authoritative its banking license from the RBI on 17 May, 1994.The first branch of ICICI Bank was started in Chennai in June 1994 and by 31 March, 1999 and before the merger it had 64 branches across the country. From the beginning the branches were fully computerised with state-of-the-art technology and systems and networked through VSAT technology. It offered a wide spectrum of domestic and international banking services to facilitate trade, investment, cross-borde r business and treasury and foreign exchange services. This is in addition to a whole range of deposit services offered to individuals and corporate bodies.ICICI Banks Infinity was the first Internet banking service in the country. Currently the Bank has around 350000 customers. * approximately THE MERGER After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the scene of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking Industry, and the move towards global banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank decided to go for the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank which would be beneficial for both entities and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI groups universal banking strategy.In October 2001, the Board of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002,by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmadabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002.ICICI Limited merged with ICICI Bank Limited on 30 March 2002, with the swap ratio of 2 ICICI Shares for 1 share of ICICI Bank Limited. With this merger, the second largest Bank in India was born. RBI had effrontery approval for the reverse merger of ICICI Ltd. with its banking arm ICICI Bank. ICICI Bank with Rs. 1 lakh crore asset base bank is second only to State Bank of India, which is well over Rs. 3 lakh crore in size. RBI also cleared the merger of two ICICI subsidiaries. FOR ICICI THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Increasing the speed in financing long-term projects 2.Obtaining access to cheaper funds for lending 3. Increasing its approach to investors for raising capital base needed to write off bad loans 4. Competing more effectively in the retail finance market prevail by banks FOR ICI CI BANK THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Expanding geographically 2. Utilising large capital base of ICICI 3. Gaining brand equity from the strong brand of ICICI 4. Deriving benefits from ICICIs well established corporate relationship * CONDITIONS LAID DOWN BY THE RBI BEFORE GIVING THE APPROVAL FOR THE MERGER (i) Compliance with Reserve Requirements The ICICI Bank Ltd. ould comply with the Cash Reserve Requirements (under Section 42 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934) and Statutory Liquidity Reserve Requirements (under Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949) as applicable to banks on the net demand and time liabilities of the bank, inclusive of the liabilities pertaining to ICICI Ltd. from the date of merger (ii) Appointment of Directors The bank should ensure compliance with Section 20 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, concerning granting of loans to the companies in which directors of such companies are also directors. iii) Conditions relating to Swap proportionality As the pr oposed merger is between a banking company and a financial institution, all matters connected with shareholding including the swap ratio, will be governed by the pabulum of Companies Act, 1956, as provided (iv) Subsidiaries While taking over the subsidiaries of ICICI Ltd. after merger, the bank should ensure that the activities of the subsidiaries comply with the requirements of permissible activities to be undertaken by a bank under Section 6 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and Section 19 (1) of the Act ibid. v) Preference Share Capital Section 12 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 requires that capital of a banking company shall consist of ordinary shares only (except preference share issued before 1944). * BENEFITS OF MERGER Through the merger, ICICI Bank became Indias 1st universal bank that is, one-stop shop financial services in India and acquired large market share of retail banking and offered a complete range of banking products. 1. Optimum practice session of human capital 2.Improved ability to further diversity asset portfolio and business revenues 3. Reduced costs of funds 4. Availability of more float gold due to active participation in the payment system 5. alter fund raising due to access to retail funds 6. Leveraged the ICICIs capital and client base in terms of increase in fee income 7. Improved profitability by leveraging technology and low cost structure 8. Access to ICICI groups talent family and thereby development of human resource at lower costs. * PROBLEMS confront . The risk of failure to obtain government and other approvals of the merger as per planned. 2. The risk of failure of the High Courts of Mumbai and Gujarat to approve the scheme of Amalgamation. 3. The risk of business which may not be integrated as smooth as planned. 4. Merger of ICICI Ltd and ICICI bank making it more difficult to maintain relationships with clients, employees and suppliers. 5. The risk of new and changing regulation and unfavourable political su pport or other developments in Indian and international markets. CONCLUSION The swap ratio was based on the valuations and recommendations of investment bankers. The merger ratio was set as two ICICI shares for every ICICI Bank share that is one equity share of ICICI Bank was swapped for two equity shares of ICICI. The merger brought operational strategies both in terms of economies of scale and scope. Economies of scale achieved through increase in business volumes at lower operating costs and deployment of latest technology. Economies of scope were achieved through enlarged product range.FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ICICI AND ICICI BANK AFTER MERGER ICICI Ltd get to equity holders increased by 16% 21% increase in Indian GAAP consolidated profits ICICI BANK There was perpetually an increase seen in the profits after the merger The merger took place in 2002 and its 2013 now the merger has successfully completed 11 years which shows that the merger created a strong entity, which will r edefine banking in the highly competitive era of globalisation and liberalisation. BIBLIOGRAPHY * www. google. com * www. economictimes. com